LO4: Production Schedule revision

20 mark question

• Intro- define the planning document. This is why it is an effective document (2-3 sentences)

Strengths - good layout, links to the brief throughout

Improvements - add conclusion, 2 or more ineffective comments (tasks and milestones need to be clear)

Effective and ineffective features- include examples based on the brief for ALL 

• Allows the team to be organised in regards to tasks as they are written in chronological order, order of completion
• Working document therefore it can be edited and adapted, in regards to contingancies, at anytime throughout planning and production
• Key staff within the company have allocated roles (coder is to code in the graphics/create thesitemap)
• The milestones would be allocated to each task. Has a domino effect on tasks that are not completed to the milestones and tasks that follow. This has a negative effect on the launch date. 
• Room for collaborations between team members. 
• Tasks, job roles and milestones must be clear
• Can be made and viewed by ALL members of the team as it is easy to create and this will benefit the team as they can use the production schedule to organise and plan for their job roles.
• Milestones need to be realistice and factor in contingency time.
• Production schedule doesnt consider legal and ethical issues, this is because it is not something that needs to be recorded but done as it goes along. This is something that the job roles would do such as the graphic designer and researcher targeting ethical issues. Some legal issues can be addressed such as permissions from models. 
• Wouldn't show a production schedule to a client. This is more for "in house staff" to be organised.Instead you would show them pre-production documents which illustrate design ideas. (visualisation diagrams, storyboard, sitemap). Needs to be supported with design documents. 
• Tasks and milestones beed ti ve soecific and clear.

"To conclude, a ..., is effective because overall it mas more effective features when planning a ... than inneffective features."

Examples that can be used for ANY scenario

• Extra time owing to copyright permissions- waiting for it so could delay the production 
• Client feedback or negative audience feedback from questionairres or focus groups could delay the production

Job Roles - Researcher

In pre-production of planning a product the job role of the researcher is to gather information about the market, target audience and infomation on what they purchase along with their likes and dislikes and what will draw them in to want to buy a product. They will have the knowledge of existing products and competitiors. They know how and why the product works. They must be able to woek inderpendantly but then also contribute to the team. The reasearch they do will influence the content and design of the product. If the product that is being created needs to have information gathered for it, such as a rode safety game, the researcher would have to find relevent information that they could use to make said product educational and informative.

They will mainly do secondary research such as looking on specific websites on the internet in order to gather informations, they may also look at books, magazines, TV documentary, film adver or any exsisting product. The secondary research must be reliable, this can be through looking at something that has been written by a professional. If it is a webiste we know that it is reliable if it ends in .gov, .edu. The implications of not using reliable research is that if not, the research done will be invalid.

Researches roles in different scenarios.

Educational game for school children on healty eating
The researcher would need to find information of different food group and the impacts of these in persons diet. The research would to include the daily sugar allowance for a child due to the target audience of the game and how this would differ to that of an adults allowance. This could be found on the NHS website or change for life. They could also look at books such as those written by a chef like Jamie Oliver.  
They would need to work with the graphic designer in order to create appropriate characters for the game, they would need to have a healthy body image and not give a bad example for children. They would also work together in the different levels such as going to a supermarket with a parent and buying food, having to make a balanced meal and deciding what is and isnt healthy. 

Social media app for 16+ 
The researcher may do some market research by looking at exisiting social media apps and competitors. They can look at competitors and get audience feedback to learn their likes and dislikes. They can also look at the demographics of different apps and see what their audience use most and find likes as to why this is the case. They can also look at gaps in the market and view housestyle, branding and layouts. 
A researcher would need to work with the coder to work out the navigation of the game. They would research the navigation of other games and then the coder would create the game based on the research. 

Promotional video for the launch of new swimwear aimed for paralympians
The market is very niche so a researcher will research different sports brands that create swimwear like nike. They may also contact paralympians to ask what they would want in a product so then they know how to use it. Research on representations of disabilities as well as looking at case studies and finding knowledge of the actual swimwear.
Working with the camera person or storyboarder to plan effective locations, shot types and angles to film the video, basedon what the researcher has seen as a part of existing promotional videos that they have looked at and researched. 

We need a researcher as they effect the content and design of a product. The infomation they research must be accurate and reliable. 

LO4: Storyboards

The purpose of a storyboard is to plan out the action, storyline and scenes which will be in an audiovisual product. This can include things such as film, animation, TV adverts and Television programs. You use a storyboad to plan the shot types that need to be taken, the mise-en-scene and angles to use throughout the product that you are creating. Storyboards show the chronological order of the scenes and it is a pre-production document that focuses on the main action of the scenes. A storyboard would be a document that will be used in all stages of a production, a script is also used in all stages of production as it will need to be referenced back to in editing when trying to sinc the audio and visuals.

A script would be completed before a storyboard as a storyboards is the visual representation of the script that has been created.
Key action in a scene.

Larger companies like Disney would have actual graphic designers to create the story board and that would be their job role just to create it.

What are the main features of a storyboard? - effectiveness of a storyboard (why it is effective) 

• Captions to explain the key piece of dialogue in each scene 
• Text to show shot type
• Information to describe the action 
• Illustration to show the shot type and mise-en-scene - especially location of shots (INT - interior, EXT - exterior) 
• Numbers to show the order of the storyboard and action
• Arrows to show the direction of movement of the actor 
• Camera movement shown through arrows
• Transition/ Editing info tells you whether the editing is a cut or a fade etc. 
• Timings of each scene - in seconds
• SFX that would be on screen during the scenes 
• Logo/ Title Graphics which are any words that show on screen as a part of the scene
• COULD be adapted

A storyboard is very effective however it could be seen to have some ineffectve features such as how you would need to have someone who has some graphic design skills in order to communicate the ideas. Also you need more than one pre-production document because you need a script in order to create the storyboard as you need it in order to explain the narrative of the story. There is not much information on the storyboard which is due to annotations being brief (needs to be brief due to it being used by the cameraperson as a visual product to aid the script). Any permissions, legal and ethical, and feeback on ideas is done early on as it is hard to change a storyboard once it has been created, it could also delay the making of a storyboard. Annotations need to be justified and cleat. 

Products that would use a storyboard:

• Music Video
• Film trailer
• TV advert
• Film
• Animation
• Computer games

What promotional videos include:

• Always include the product
• Show establishing shots of the building (school) 
• Shots of different subjects
• Graphics and texts (quotes) 
• Images of kids

Storyboards in the exam 

Spend no more than 12 to 15 minutes in the exam 

• Shot types
• Angle
• Editing info - "cut to"
• Location info - where? (EXT or INT)
• Key sounds - dialogue ( &who says it), music (pace - upbeat, slow, none diegetic) 
• Illustration (drawing) - matches shot type 
• Camera movements - arrows
• Timings 
• What is happening in each scene or shot 

Tips for the exam - 

• DO NOT spend more than 25 minutes 
• Unlike a sitemap or a visualisation diagram already have the annotations on it

Production Schedule

What a production schedule is used for.
The production schedule is used to plan the timescale that each part of the the project will need completing withing and how long they will take. Is used to make sure that deadlines are met or a milestone date (the date something needs to be completed by). Allows us to manage our time and see how long should be spent on different tasks or activities. Organising tasks and personalle. 

Planning Document used to organise and set timeframes (hrs/mins/weeks) and milestones ~(actual date) for planning taskes products and team members. 

Effective features of a production schedule.
Tasks listed in order so team knows what needs to be completed in chronological order
Prioritises order of tasks and time frames for eachtask
Can be viewed at all stages of production so can see if everyone is on task and can be refered back to
Identified team roles so who has to do each task
Adaptable as it is a working document so can be edited and manipulate
Plan for contingancies and backup plans
Plan for resources like hardware, software or equipment
Indervidual deadlines or milestones and launch date is identifiable
Time factored in for permisions or contracts from the client like a release and consent form (applicable to every scenario)

Ineffective features of a production schedule.
Doesnt have equipment
Doesnt have dates like a start date
All tasks are not included or clear about what needs to be done
Need to factor in additional time based on feedback, not meeting milestones
Need to be realistic about timeframes for activities and tasks, which task will take the longest amount of time
Other planning documents are needed to evidence the tasks like a visualisation diagram, storyboard, script
Wouldnt be shown to client, design matherials or planning materials would be shown
Timeframes need to be clear, so that if other parts of production are done then there would be delays
Resources need to be clear, hardware, software, models, personnel
No mention of ethical, legal issues that need to be addressed. Conciderations not taken into account, appropriate agencies to be contacted or forms completed like release and concent forms from models, intellectial property

• Sometimes can be called a Workplan
• Can look similar to a gantt chart
• Would be created by producer or production manager
• Important for team work as each task reflects and has an effect on the next task, the one after it

Garmz scenario:

Tasks listed in order so team knows what needs to be completed in chronological order- Alexia design vidualisation diagram, Ian create sitemap

Prioritises order of tasks and time frames for eachtask - Ian coding in features like the images of models, layout and navigation of the webpage takes longer than Alexia creating the visualisation diagram

Can be viewed at all stages of production so can see if everyone is on task and can be refered back to- If Alexia forgets what she needs to do next she can refer back to it

Identified team roles so who has to do each task - Alexia is a graphic designer so creates visualisation diagrams, Ian is coder so writes code language and creates sitemap 

Adaptable as it is a working document so can be edited and manipulated - If Alexia creates a visualisation diagram and Garmz doesnt like it there needs to be adaptablity for the diagram to be changed so a change in timescales and deadlines

Plan for contingancies and backup plans - have backup models if the one being used is ill, use a different software to code if the one that is going to be used stops working 

Plan for resources - camera & models for images, software like javascript or html5 

Indervidual deadlines or milestones and launch date is identifiable - would have milestones for creating visualisation diagram for Alexia and then a different milestone for imagery

Time factored in for permisions or contracts - models sign contracts as need consent for imagery of them or location permisions for taking images 

All tasks are not included or clear about what needs to be done - If John missed anything off of the production schedule such as the creation of a sitemap thne it would make it hard for Alexia and Ian to know what to do as it is one less planning document

Need to factor in additional time based on feedback, not meeting milestones - need to make sure that there is time left for Alexia to reflect on feedback and change the designs before the end of may when the release date is. 

Need to be realistic about timeframes for activities and tasks, which task will take the longest amount of time - 

Other planning documents are needed to evidence the tasks like a visualisation diagram, storyboard, script - Alexia to create  a visualisation diagram of the different pages of the webiste and app, Ian make sitemap to plan the naviagtion 

Wouldnt be shown to client, design matherials or planning materials would be shown 

Timeframes need to be clear, so that if other parts of production are done then there would be delays

Resources need to be clear, hardware, software, models, personnel - 

No mention of ethical, legal issues that need to be addressed. Conciderations not taken into account, appropriate agencies to be contacted - forms completed like release and concent forms from models so that their images can be used on the websites

A production schedule is a way of organising a project by setting timescales and milestones that each specific task need to be completed within. This allows for more effective planning and management of deadlines.

Visualisation diagrams - code and conventions

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Codes and conventions of visualisation diagrams - "effectiveness"

• The product - so that the audience knows/regonises it (£)
• The brand
• The name of the product
• House styles - 3 colours, san serif
• Slogan - (<5 words) used for branding to remember the brand
• Logo - branding, bold, bottom/top (eyecatching)
• Text to sell the product
• Product being used - see what it looks like
• Website URL, social media links - Shows digital naative audience and their habits (use ofsocial media) SYNERGY as the brand is beign cross promoted 
• Models - Ideal self/partner (pursuading to buy and use product) 
• Trademarks - Registered brand (audience can trust the products, has a good reputation) 

Annotations

Websites and Apps - they have pages

• What interactive features would be on each page with examples - photos, videos, sounds all linked to the brief
• Examples of how the layout and features would appeal to the target audience
• How the brand will be the same across all pages - colours, layout

Games - they have levels

• Scoring systems
• What each level would be like
• Interactive 
• Consept artist - designs the characters, levels 

Use key terms:

• Hierarchical structure
• Pages
• Links 
• Breadcrumb trail
• Sub pages

LO4: Site Structure Diagram

Conventions of a Website

• URL - website address
• Navigation bar - at the top of every website that allows you to browse content on the website
• Logos - so that it establishes the brand
• House style colours
• Name 
• Images or graphics
• Web banner - form of advertising (website owners get pay money to advertise as a form of revenue stream - appeal to your target audience)
• Legal disclaimers

Site Structure Diagram <-- might be asked to draw this in the exam or asked to evantuate (20 marker) 

A diagram that represents the navigation for the "end-user" when using an interactive product.  

Navigation - how you move / access different pages of an interactive product. Home page is the first thing that you see when you access a website and sub pages are the different pages that you can go to. e.g. Facebook's home page is the newsfeed but then the sub screens are things such as notifictaions, profile page, messenger, groups / events, friend requests. All the pages are linked together. 

End-user - Whoever is using the content once the content has been published. Target audience. Who the product has been designed for. 

Interactive (media) product - User or gamer physically operates and uses the product User physically affects the product and is normally something that you can touch like social media. Interactive media products force the end-user to engage with the product. Apps, websites, video games are all examples of interactive products. Websites are interactive due to the end-user have to navigate through different pages to find what YOU are looking for. You can write and add content to interactive products through chat features. Buttons allow you to go to different places, these are interactive. When buttons change colour or go in are called a hyperlink button which allows you to access all the different pages. Images are interactive as they grab your attention and allow you to be engages in the website or app. Videos are also interactive along with adverts. Everything you see in an interactive media product is an interactive feature as it keeps you attention. 

Question 7 & 8

The insert/brief will be 1 side of A4. - Read and COEI - maximum 5 minutes

Section B- towards the end of the exam

Have to draw two pre-production documents

• Visualisation diagram - sketch of the final product (poster, home screeen of an app, homepage if a website, DVD cover, mostly printed media products, advert, billboard, interactive product)
• Storyboard
• Script
• Site-structure diagram (site-map) - navigation for the website, game or app
• Use annotations - colour sceheme, font style, layout, appeal to audience
• Justify drawing - give reasons for why it looks that way 

LO3: Research Types

Primary Research- This involves gathering new data that has not been collected before. This type of research is something tht you have carried out yourself.

Questionnaires can be used to carry out this form of research, these are good at the information is being gathered first hand. Questionnaires are also usually cheap so quite cost effective and represent a large amount of the population however there is limited options so they dont represent everyones views and people may not be honest when answering the questions. Questionnaires are made up of many closed questions, these are tickbox answers yes/no). These provide instant information as they are NOT time consuming to analyse. A disadvantage of closed questions is that they offer limited detail and there is not that much information given. There are also open questions that force the audiences to give explainations to their answers to give the audience a deeper understanding on how to develop and improve the product or designs. Open questions are good at getting views and opinions. These however are harder to analyse and take a lot longer as answers contain more than one word. Closed questions are quantitative data. Open questions are qualitative data. 
Interviews are another form of primary research, these are good because they allow more detailed questions and are personal however they are time consuming so a large amount of interviews cannot be carried out and they can be costly as staff need to be paid to do the interviews. These are similar to questionnaires as they are asking people however are also similar to focus groups as they are personal and ask the information. Usually these are for magazines and newspaper which are carried out by a journalist. 

Focus groups are another form of primary research. This is where you gather a gorup of people that are from the target audience and then allowing them to give feedback. These people reflect the audience of the product. Verbal views are opinions are more detailed as you are working with a smaller amount of people so the answers are more focused. This is verbal feedback. Focus groups are very effective for audio-visual products ot things that are design based. Also they have the same benefits as interviews but are more cost effective and do not take as much time but are still time consuming as people need to be gathered and arranged for the focus group. Also as the information is verbal equipment is needed to record the focus group so that the feedback given can be analysed. They also provide a wider range of opinions. The disadvantages of focus groups are that people might disagree but people may more so just agree with the majority. This means that the research has now become bias. Focus groups arent anonymous. 

Surveys are different to questionnaires as this is a measure of opinions as this is not as detailed as a questionnaire. Websites such a Surveymonkey can be used to create surveys. These can be shared on social media platforms which allows wider audience feedback. Surveymonkey is easy to use and it is free, this is the same as a questionnaire. It also analyses data for you. People may not respond to your survey though. This will limit your sample of feedback. 

Secondary Research- Secondary research is research that you have not found out yourself but is something that you find it out from other sources. This could be looking at existing research and data. Secondary research is usually created by an expert or professional. These type of people have knowledge in specific subject ares. Research has already been done so there is less work to carry out.

An example of secondary research is books or acedemic journals, these are written by authors that have a specialism in the subject on hand. This is a crediable source. These resources can be found in libarys.
The internet is another example of secondary research, this has a wide range of sources that are easy to access.
Examples of secondary research:

• Magazines
• Tv
• Radio
• Documentaries
• Video
• Books/academic journal
• Internet

PQ- Identify and explain an example of secondary research that would be effective. (3 marks)

Brief: 

• Games-ed
• Game to educate children 
• 8 to 12
• British monarchy
• Entertains

A source of secondary research that would be effective for Games-ed to use as part of their research in order to create their game would be TV shows. They could watch something such as the TV series "Victoria". This includes the history of some of the histroy of royal monarchs such as Queen Victoria I. This is a form of effective research as the series is created by the BBC which is a reliable source due to it being a public service broadcaster, this means that it has a remit and is funded by public money so that they make educational programs. Due to the program not being a documentary but instead a period drama it means that the information in the series is not just fact based but also visual so that the uses of things like clothes for the characters to wear are historically accurate. In the program it is more just the story of Victoria's so the information is already not as fact based but the language would be simplified further for the target audience of 8-12 year olds.

BBC documentry

• Presented by historians
• BBC are reliable
• Information presented easier 

Books

• GCSE history book - effective as the information wouldnt have to be simplified that much as the book is not aimed at people too much older than the target audience
• Reliable source - written by a repitable author / historian 

Examining someone elses work (includes a different example of internet)

 example of secondary research that would help when making a game about the British Monarchy would be the Internet because the internet has a range of different websites and sources that is all free to view. An example of a website that would tell them about the British Monarchy would be a national history website that can tell you all about different royalty figures throughout history which would give Games-Ed the right information (it is a reliable source) so they can have true facts about the British Monarchy. Games-Ed could also use a history website that ends in dot org, dot gov or dot edu as these are reliable sources. Using this easy source of information it gives Games-Ed to easily take that information and simplify it so children from the ages of 8-12 can easily understand the information that is given to them in the game.

Relate to brief

1 mark- Identify

Specific examples

1 mark- Explain

Links to the brief, shows an understanding of secondary research
Improvements

Audience Research- Find out who your audience is. Looking at the audiences stereotypes as well as habits and consumption trends and seeing why they consume these things. This means that we can advertise and market to them. The more that is known about the audience means that they can be effectively targeted. 

Market Research- Looking at competitors and seeing what makes them successfull. Looking for trends in a particular market. What a women buying VS men. Looking at other people/companies who are competiton in the same market.
NRS- National Readership Survey (Looking at magazines and newspapers. Looking at ABC1 by putting audiences into groups based on lifestyle and disposable income.)
RAJAR- Radio Joint Audience Research (get the public to fill in online diaries of their radio habits for a wkk/month and then feed back to the radio station to plan broadcasting)
BARB- Broadcasters Audience Research Board (TV consumption- look at channels 1 to 5 (terrestrial), VOD consumption, digital and subscription, Freeview. Look at viewing figures for TV and know whos viewing what based on age, gender, spending power and can feed back to organisations like BBC, ITV, Sky. Research based on viewerships. Piracy - watching things illegally, the amount of people watching televsion has decreased due to there being more than one way of watching television. Timeshifting - watching after the original broadcast of the program.Can watch thing at our convenience. Range of devices to watch television where and how you want. Technology like VOD makes it easier to timeshift) 

Product/Production Research- The production team have to carry out research into the product itseld. It is done by collecting source material which are things that are needed to create the product. This depeneds on the media product. The production team also have to research how viable the project is going to be and look at the probability of the success to see if it is worth making. They also have to find locations as part of product research. 

LO2: Target Audience Factors

Target Audience Factors

It is imnportant to know who the product is aimed at so that the product can be developed with that target audience in mind so that the product will appeal to them. Likes and dislikes of the client are needed to make sure that there are more profit so that more people will feel as if they NEED the rpoduct. Audience Pleasures are appealed to. It is crutial that we know who the target audience are so that the content is appropriate for that audience. Sterotyping is relyed upon to help to design the product.

Demographics are different catergories/groups that an audience can be classified as.

• Social class / Social economic (Socio-Economic)
• Age
• Gender
• Ethnic Groups
• Psychographics - mental wellbeing, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours
• Geographics
• Sexual Orientation
• Mainstream Vs Niche - Mainstream- popular, appeals to the masses, the majority, wide audience (BBC1 - Eastenders people from all different backgrounds and represents everyone- reflects a diverse range of peoples lives) Niche - aimed at a small audience (BBC 2- Educational, for a middle class, upmarket, male audience.)

It is beneficial to know about the different demographics that need to be met so that the product can be more specific and aimed at the people that it needs to be aimed at. This means that there is more effective targetting

LO2: Tools To Identify Client Requirements

When identify the requirements of the brief there are key ways and tools to do this. These include:

Mindmap 

Definition:

• a diagram in which information is displayed with a central idea placed in the middle and associated ideas arranged around it.
• Ideas 
• Key terms

Advantages:

• Organise ideas in a visual way - more structured
• Non-linear
• Ideas are interchangeable and can be added 
• Can branch off of ideas

Disadvantages:

• Crowded with text
• Difficult to understand

Moodboard

Definiton :

• an arrangement of images, materials, pieces of text, etc. intended to evoke or project a particular style or concept.
• Shows concept designs, font styles, colour pallette, photos
• Collage used to generate/reflect a theme or mood
• Used to help you create ideas
• Visually represent what you want to do

Advantages:

• Gives a sample of ideas through images so clients can visualise the product
• Good to represent connotations you want to create

Blue-sky thinking

Definition:

• creative ideas that are not limited by current thinking or beliefs. It is original or creative thinking, which isnt constricted by convention and not grounded in reality. It is thinking outside of the box to generate ideas basedon a new concept or brief. It is a type of lateral thinking which is where everyone comes up with ideas at once from the top of your head. 
• A group of people
• Everyone will read the brief - key words, phrases, colours, shapes get written down on a piece of paper
• Gets used to finalise ideas
• Disney uses this when thinking of new concepts for their film- try and incoperate everyones ideas at some stage

Advantages:

• Simple and easy to do
• Not expensive
• Creative
• Everyones ideas are equal 
• Everybody has to contribute
• Fun
• Each person gets a say
• Job roles dont matter
• Good starting point- wide range of ideas

Disadvantages:

• Arguments
• Large variety of ideas so hard to sort and narrow down ideas
• Difficult to produce a final idea
• Feasible
• Physically organising ideas
• Hard to make sure people have an equal say and whether everyones ideas get written down
• HARD TO ORGANISE AND MANAGE

SWOT analysis

Definition:

• a study undertaken by an organization to identify its internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as its external opportunities and threats.

Strengths- (internal- in the company) - Strengths have that enable to make the product

• Personnel- Staff available
• Product- Advantages of the product
• Target Audiences- Advantages of working with that target audience
• Resources- Strengths of having the resources to help to make the product

Weaknesses- (internal- in the company) -

• Personnel
• Product
• Target audience- Stumbling blocks as a company with the audience

Opportunities- (external- outside of the product/company)

• Production company- if good commisioned to do more work which means more money
• Development of the product- Made in a different media, developed to 

Threats- (external- outside of the product/company)

• Competitors
• Timescales- COEI (contraint)

Advantages:

• Thinking about wider issues and as a whole
• Good at evaluating the project

Use all four of the techniques to show initial ideas to a client. Can be use to advise the client of what should be made. Initial ideas should be shown to the client so that it deosnt delay the production if they do not like the ideas and then have to rethink.

LO2: Starter Task

What does COEI stand for?

Constraints
Open
Explicit
Implicit

LO1: Types of Requirements

Constraints - Limitations (cost, legal, ethical, timescale)
Open - Freedom of ideas / Decisions
Explicit - Clearly stated and must be met
Implicit - Implied / Suggested

Implicit and open are where you will give your client feedback and can help them to improve. Suggesting ideas to the client.

LO1: Ethical Issues

Ethical Issues

Ethical issues are morals that are not against the law BUT could be deemed offensive to a certain group of people. Media products need to represent ALL and not alienate people or discriminate against them. Discrimination could be against appearence, ethnicity, sexuality or religion. This means doing th eright or moral thing. Ethics is concerned with what is good for individuals in sociey. It also shouldnt cause offense or disturb thouse who use it.

Consequences of not being ethical:

• Damaging your representation
• Product could be banned or not shown to an audience
• Law suit (depending on the seriousness) 

The models shown on the ASOS website represent many different ethnicities, this means that ASOS is addressing and recogning that models of different ethnicities arent being recognised enough in the fashion industry. ASOS dont want to be appearing to only represent one type of ethnicity as this means that more peopke are being represented so they will appeal to a larger audience. This will mean that they will create more profit. The models included are of all different shapes and sizes, this can show that the clothes that they sell are marketed to all so that people can wear the same fashion no matter what size you are. Not everyone is wearing the same clothes as ASOS sell a range of different styles to suit a range of different people. This means that they will have something to suit all. The clothes you choose are part of your individuality and ASOS want to help you express yourself. The models in the middle is the skinniest, this is where your eyes are drawn to first, this means that not all ethical issues are being addressed. This is a flaw in the picture and how the picture have been composed. There could be more diversity aswell as there is not a range in the ages of the people in the model and there is no representation to people of religion or people with disablities etc. There are many stereotypes in the picture as the black lady has afro hair which is very stereotypical as well as the way that she is wearing a tiger print dress which shows that she is fierce, loud and in your face. The model on the right has large hoop earing and has an angry expression, this is very stereotypical of a particular ethnic group. The asian lady looks unique and is dressed very androgynous this is typical of this ethnic group. All of the clothes show off a lot of skin and the dresses are very short, this could influence younger people who want their ideal self. The models are impressionable for a younger teen audience. The materials used in the clothing could be an ethical issue as they could be made of animal skin which many people do not agree with and protest against.

You have been asked to create an educational video game aimed at 8-12 year olds about healthy eating. What could be the ethical issues with this and how could they be addressed. 

There needs to be access to the product, not everyone has a console to play the video game on so the game would need to be accessible on different platforms such as on a phone or a computer. This means that more people would be able to have access to is so more children would be educated. People may have different dietery requirements, the game could include different options so that it is inclusive to everyone no matter the requirements. Some religions dont eat certain things like muslims only eat halal meats and dont eat pork. The children should be educated on what other people can and cant eat and there should be alternatives given. There could also be an issue in eating unhealthy and body image so not everyone who is fat eats unhealthy and vice versa. This could be made sure that it isnt an issue by including characters of different weights and showing them excerise so that people know that they should be excersising. There needs to be a variety of excersises as not everything can do the same thing due to physical disablities etc,  it would also need to show parental
guidence due to the age range for the game. There need to be different races and ethnicities included as Language used in the game cannot be complicated, the language needs to be simple with the use of lots of visuals such as photos & animation. Sound and colours would also make the information easier for them to understand and engage them. There are also language barrirs so the game could include subtitles or make the game all visuals and audio.

This is a banned advert which has many ethnical issues with it. The bottle is place in a suggestive place which could be representing the "deflowering of a women". The model at the time was 15 so she was underage. She is shown to be very suggestive which is an issue for teens due to her being a role model to them.

LO1: Regulatory Bodies

Regulators or regulatory bodies view and assess the suitability of content for different media products.It is important in pre-production as the producer needs to make sure that no laws are being broken so that they know what audience the product is suitable for. This is a legal requirement. Regulatory bodies create policies which the producers can follow so that they aren't being broken and therefore being illegal.

All regulators are independent so that they are impartial and it does not influence them.

Regulatory bodies:

• ASA - Advertising Standards Authority 
• BBFC - British Board of Film Classification
• PEGI - Pan European Game Information 
• OFCOM - Office of Communication 
• PRS - Performing Rights Society
• IPSO - Independent Press Standards Organisation 
• W3C - World Wide Web Consortium 

LO1: Legal Issues Research Task

TV production

Paul O'Grady Show is a talk show, this means that many things need to be thought about and addressed in the pre-production stage of the program. The legal issue of Slander would need to be thought about due to the show being live which means that the people on the show that are being interviewed, and Paul O'Grady himself, need to be careful about what is being said. During the show Paul O'Grady reads out viewers' letters, sometimes with disgust at the things viewers have sent, this however could cause problems because if anything too negative or offensive is said, it could be a problem in the future for the person. Especially if the thing is untrue. Celebrities also get interviewed which would be something that faces the same issues however on a much larger scale as a celebrities have a larger reputation which could get ruined. Also the Data Protection Act need to be thought about in the pre-production stages because the celebrities that feature on the talk show need to have their sensitive data protected. The producers of the show would need to make sure they adhere to the "codes of practice" set by the regulatory body, OFCOM. The Office of Communication, along with the help of the public, have do decided on whether the content in a program is appropriate or not for children. Due to the explicit content of the Paul O Grady show, the program has to be aired after watershed. This is so that there isn't any public complaints which would have to be addressed by the broadcaster responding with a written apology. Ethical issue could arise due to representation on the program. The program needs to not discriminate or alienate people and be able to represent all. This could become an issue if there is not enough people, if any, from a minority background such as a minority ethnic group. This could be resolved however by getting celebrities that could represent different minority groups, and putting them on the program.

Social Media Campaign

Donald Trump uses social media to campaign about his political views. Trump is known for racism, homophobia and many other offensive things. However if he wrote something that contained bad or false information about a person it would be Libel. This can affect the reputation of a person and it could cause lots of very negative consequences for them. If Trump did this then he could potentially face imprisonment. The Data Protection Act is also something that Trump needs to adhere to. This is that all personal data must be kept safe. Some information that Donald Trump may have about others individuals could be classed as private information, this could be things as simple as making sure that data like the bank details or names and addresses of people that work for him. The Freedom of Information Act is an act that allows the public to have the right to information that is held by the pubic authority. This could be information such as the taxes that Trump pays or his wage could be requested by the public and result in the information having to get shared. W3C are regulators that set their own guidelines on the type of context that should get published online. This means that Trump could post something that may not be seen as 100% okay to put online however he would be able to get away with it due to the web being classed as a place for “free speech”. Also so much content is posted each day that it wold be impossible for the World Wide Web Consortium to be able     to regulate and monitor it all.

Digital Animation

Dreamwork is an animation company. During the pre-production stages of creating their digital animations, they will need to think about and address certain legal issues. DreamWorks would need to make sure that they are not using different company’s works and breaking intellectual property rights. This is making sure that a person or company is given the rights for their intellectual property. A company like DreamWorks would need to makes sure that they are not at risk of being under copyright infringement. This could be due to their product being similar to one of their competitor companies such as Disney, and making sure that they are not copying different company’s ideas. If they do break intellectual property rights it could cause delay on the launch of their products. DreamWorks also needs to make sure that they follow the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act. The act allows creators of products to control how their work is used. This would be used by DreamWorks as it allows them to copyright things such as their characters so that they can control how these are used. However they would also need to make sure that they were following it too as they would not be able to release an animation if it included something such as copyrighted music or if it was based on a book that wasn’t in the public domain. The producers would need to choose an age certificate for the animation to be, this needs to be chosen in the pre-production stages of the animation so that content can be edited before it is final. Films are regulated by the BBFC, they confirm the age certificates put in the film by showing screening of the films. Animations created by DreamWorks are usually of a U or PG certificate as they do not contain any explicit content, this means that the animation is suitable for a younger audience and appeals to a wider market. Ethical issues that could be seen as a problem in an animation could be to do with the lack of representation of different groups. This could be resolved by creating characters of different races, religions and showing different sexualities in the film however even though this educated, young children may get confused by these different things so characters that are none human could be used instead, like animals.

Radio Production

The BBC is radio Production Company. Many radio shows are live so before they are aired certain things need to be planned to be said or to not be said. Radio shows need to be careful to not use slander when they are on air as this is a legal issue. If the presenter says a false spoken or damaging statement against someone then it is slander. The BBC could have their reputation ruined if something was said that was giving someone a bad name, this could happen is something is said on air about a past radio presenter that worked for the BBC. Due to the nature of radio, anything said live would not be able to be taken back or edited out so it could be very damaging. Slander would ruin the reputation of the presenter and the BBC. The regulatory body, PRS, make sure that artists are recognised for their work. This regulatory body would need to be in place for radio as if the BBC used any musicians work on the radio the Performing Rights Society would need to collect the profits from the BBC for the music being played on air. The BBC have to make sure that everyone is represented, it would be an issue if the radio shows only played one type of music in on language as this would alienate and isolate people. However the BBC has many different radio channels that play a range of different styles and genres of music. There are also channels such as BBC Asia which include music and languages that would appeal to certain ethnic groups.

Graphic Novel

Marvel creates Graphic Novels. Marvel need to follow the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act. This allows creators of things such as the characters shown in the comics to be protected and lets the company, Marvel, choose how these characters are used. This could also be for other things such as the places characters are from like kryptonite. They would also have to stick to this however, not using other companies work without their permission as if they did it could mean that they have to hand over all the profits made and pay for the damages. Libel could also be breached in a comic if information that is false or true is written about a person which cause their reputation to be ruined. There could be a “character” created to actually be a person in the public eye and they could create a bad reputation for the person by being defamatory about them. Editors of the Marvel Graphic Novels will have to adhere the “Editors Code of Practice” along with Libel. This is that written content in the comic isn’t offensive and is suitable to be published. All magazines, comics and newspapers are regulated by the Independent Press Standards Organisation. It is the public however who are the ones that will complain and report anything that they deem offensive to IPSO who will then investigate and address. Marvel Comics may not represent all as the superheroes may not be a mix of different genders, ethnicities or include any superheroes or character that are shown to have a disability. Marvel could stop this from being a large ethical issue however by creating a range of different character that come from a range of different backgrounds to show how the Graphic Novels represent all. This will make sure that people like ethnic minorities do not feel alienated or discriminated against. They instead feel included.


Digital Photographic Production

Lara Jade works in digital photographic production. She has a blog and due to the written nature of this it means that she needs to stick to Libel. She cannot write anything that is untrue or contains bad information about another person as this could ruin their reputation. If she does not adhere to this then she could get fined and it will ruin her reputation and affect her future career as well as many other consequences. She also needs to make sure that all of the pictures that she uses aren’t copyrighted or are her own so that she doesn’t break the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act. This can be broken by using other peoples work in a way that they do not approve off which could create profit for you instead of the actual creator, The CDPA will also protect her photography as well as is means that no one can steal her work either. Lara Jade needs to make sure that she adheres to the “codes of practice” set by the ASA. She has an advertising section on her blog so she will need to follow the “rules” that are set so that her adverts do not face consequences. The Advertising Standards Authority work on behalf of the public to regulate adverts. If the public complain and the ASA find out that the “codes of practice” were not adhered to then the adverts could get taken down. Lara Jade could face some ethical issues as her digital photography production may be seen as isolating or alienating to certain minority groups as she specialises in fashion and if models of different skin colours, shape and sizes aren’t used then it could be seen to be discriminatory. Lara could stop this from happening by allowing a range of very different models to wear all different style clothes to make sure that people feel represented by her work. Models that have physical or visible disabilities could also be shown to appeal to even more minority groups.                                                           

LO1: Legal Issues - FOR THE EXAM

Legal Issues - FOR THE EXAM

Freedom of Information Act 2000

Intellectual Property Rights

Data Protection Act

Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988

Libel 

Slander

LO1: Legal Issues

Legal issues are something that is required by the law. If you do not follow this then it is illegal.

Legal issues that would need to be considered in the pre-production stage of making a product:

• Copyright- when a company have rights or ownerships of an idea/invention. You need to get permision to use their intellectual property. 
• Patented- when an invetion is legally not allowed to be copied
• Plagerism 
• Filming on private land without permission from the land owner
• Age ratings- BBFC (British Board of Film Classification) are the people that come up with the age ratings for films. It is a legal rquirement due to some of the images being sensitive. The age ratings make sure that content is apropriate for the audience. 
• Trademark- Logos or branding. 
• Fair Usage
• Terms and conditions with products

Consequences of not adhering to legal issues:

• Fines- The amount you will get fined depends on the seriousness and also the loss of profit if the product had been meant to be sold. 
• Sued- Taken to court
• Prosecuted- Taken to prison due to what has been done

How permisions can be gained: 

• Contact them 
• Set up a meeting to get their permissions
• Email and ask for permissions
• Sign a contract- sign,date and agree to terms and conditions
• Letter
• Skype call
• Phone call

Freedom of Imformation Act 2000

Definition of what it means

Three reasons why it is important. What are the consequences of not ahering to this law?

Find an example of where this legal issue was breached

How does this law effect pre-production of a media product? Give examples

Data Protection Act 1998

Definition of what it means
The data protection act establishes a data protectun law that comprimises various rules governing the colletion, use, discolosure and care of  personal data.
All your perosnal data like age, gender, address and bank details must be kept safe, not kept longer than necessary and not transferrred to other countries.

Three reasons why it is important
Its imporntan because they need to protect the privacy of people and company informantion. It can help people with dementuia because it keeps all thir perosnal data safe. It is reassuring to know that our personal data is safe and isnt being used by anyone who we dont know about. Agreement to the company having your details are in the terms and conditions.

What are the consequences of not ahering to this law?
Monetary pentalty noti ces (requiring someone to pay a penalty under 500k)
Prosecutions
Enforcement notices (to remedy a breach of planning legisttation)
Audit (an officion inspection of the company)

Find an example of where this legal issue was breached
One example of when the law was broken was when sony was fined £250000 over a preventable playstation data hack. They were critisised for not having up-to-date security software. Electonic origins messing something up. People got access to the accounts and bank details of people on the network.

How does this law effect pre-production of a media product? Give examples
It requires you to handle personal data carefully so you dont ruin anyones state of mind. If thee law was not in place, pre-production could violate peoples privacy and eventuallu lead to the pre-production taking a lot longer. Staff who work as part of the pre-production company needs to keep their details safe as well as the customers data and any information about any companies they are working with.

Intellectual Property Rights

Definition of what it means
Intellectual property rights are the rights given to a person or company for their intellectial property. Intellectual property rights cover things like music, dilms, literature, discoveries, inventions or anything that is classed as intellectual property.

Three reasons why it is important

It keeps businesses and individuals to focus on research and development more. It sets the business away from competitors. Provides protection of the idea to keep it secret so stealing the idea wouldn't be possible without consquences. Personally you dont own the rights, the company owns the rights of the intellectual property. 

What are the consequences of not ahering to this law?
Violation of the intellectual property rights can be a breach of civil or criminal law and depending on the intellectual property that was stolen depends on the size of the penalty or fine.

Find an example of where this legal issue was breached

The hangover part 2. The tattoo artist of Mike Tyson's famous tribal eye tattoo, claoimed the use of his design in the film without this consent was copyright infrindgement. He decided to obtain a copyright for the design a few weeks before the release of the film. Warner Bros found it as a parody under fair use and in the end both the tattooist and the compajy decidee to leabe it on and agreement of undisclosed terms, 

How does this law effect pre-production of a media product? Give examples
It determines whether or not a particular use is fair. Making the pre-production stage for the media production under risk of possible copyright infrindgement. Can effect time scales and delay the launch of a producnt. 

Slander

Definition of what it means
The action or crime of making a false spoken stamtement that is damaging to another persons repitiation. It is a civil wrong and could be the basis of a law suit. Making a false and damaging statement about someone to give them a bad name and to campaign against them. Talkshows need to be careful along with magazine interviews  or radio.

Three reasons why it is important
It is important because if you are taken to cort over slander it could lead to very bad and damaging problems for you, your business and many other people. More improtantly if you are urnning a large conglomerate corpotaion it will ruin your reputation, business and have an effect on your profit.

What are the consequences of not ahering to this law?
Lgal consiquences and perosnal consequences. Slander is a very good reason o take soemone to court, which is a good thing if someone has made flase comments about you or your company, but not so good if your the one being aken to court. It is treated as a crime rather than a civil wront. A court case could lead to a fine, prosecution, or uou/your business could be made bankrut to pay the damages. The money doesnt really help thoy=ugh because the word is out there now whihc oculd be the reason it is deamed so serious,.

Find an example of where this legal issue was breached
Tom curise took a gay porn star to court as the porn star claiment to a French magazine that he and Tom Cruise had an ffair, this apparently the reason to the marriage between Cruise and Nicole Kidman. Fortunately the Cruise slander case in court, this meaning that the lying porn star actor payed Tom Cruise $10 million.

Before he was presideng, Donald Trump sued the world famous Miss Universe pageant after they cut ties with him due to reports of him being racist. He was accused of saying about Mexicans that "they are all rapists". He took them to court for slander and get $500 million dollars.

How does this law effect pre-production of a media product? Give examples
This would effect the overall pre-production and prodduction of the media product, if you are charged with slander it could lead tosponsers withdorawing funding for pre-production to start and this will mean there could be no product to plant for or product.

Libel

Definition of what it means
A piece of writing that contains bad and false information about a person. Defmotory about someone but libel is written.
Three reasons why it is important
Exposes a persons hatred, shame, disgrace or ridicule. It effects a persons reputuation or causes the person to be shunned or avoided. It also effecs the person in his or her occupation.

What are the consequences of not ahering to this law?
Fines up to $20000.
Community sevice
Sued (CameronDiaz sued Sun Newspaper)
Prison sentences (Libel committed on Twitter, Facebook)

Find an example of where this legal issue was breached
Davis Becham. The footballer tried to sue a US magzine for claims that he had an affair witha  former prostitte. In court papers Becham had been visiting his sick father inEngland at the time of the alleged affait. David was unable to win the court ruling and his $25 mnillioon clame was dismissed by a US federal judge.

How does this law effect pre-production of a media product? Give examples
Since Libel effects reputation if a companies reputatuion is ruined before production is underwauy it wil deplete slaes and refine funds from sponseors.

Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988

Definition of what it means
The copyright, designs and patents act 1988 DCPA is an act that allows creators of products such as music and literary to control how their work is used. It does not protect your idea, but it protects the actual content of your property.

Three reasons why it is important
The act us important because it prevents the owner's work from being used in ways that they do not approve by the creators. Permition is needed. It also allows the author to be recognised as the owners in distorions of their work. The purpose of the CDPA is to make sure that peopkle dont use individuals work without their permision

What are the consequences of not ahering to this law?
Make you hand over all your profits made
Orders to pay for damages
Orders ti stop broadcasting

Find an example of where this legal issue was breached
Napster was a music sharing website most popular in 1999. People could share music with eachotehr for free. 2 years later Napster was involved in a joined lawsuit with vvarious record companies who didnt like the large scale distribution of their music which resullted in them loosing a lot of money. Napster lost the lawsuit and was forced to pay $26 million in damages and was foced to shut down.

How does this law effect pre-production of a media product? Give examples
Media product such as a film needs to make sure that it doesnt release with copyrighted material. Thiis could be music in the film or if the whole film is based on a book which isnt in the public domain.